Moisture in house air can be a problem when there is either too little or too much. Air that is too dry can cause discomfort, dried and itchy skin and nasal passages, cracked or rickety furniture, and sparks when you reach for a doorknob or another person. Air that is too damp can cause itchy skin and nasal passages, ongoing condensation on windows, water damage to materials, mold growth and even rot of wood materials in your house. Having the right humidifier is an effective way of preventing moisture problems.
Learn the different type of humidifier, how to choose the right humidifier, and how to use it properly with this guide.
Preventing moisture from entering your house is the best way to solve moisture problems. If you have surface leaks you can fix them by grading the soil around your house. You can fix groundwater leaks by repairing basement or crawl space walls and floors.
Easy preventive measures include shutting down humidifiers, drying clothes outdoors and venting the clothes dryer outside the house. One of the best ways to reduce moisture is to use a good quality, quiet bathroom fan. It vents moisture from showers and baths.
In hot, muggy weather, ventilate your house as little as possible. Air out your house when there’s a dry spell and no chance of moisture problems. However, you can reduce relative humidity in dry, cold weather by increasing ventilation.
A whole house ventilation system, such as a heat recovery ventilator (HRV) or an exhaust fan coupled with fresh air intakes, will increase ventilation and dry out house air.
In the summer you can use an air conditioner that removes water from incoming air instead of just cooling it. Look for an air conditioner with a high latent heat rating rather than a good sensible heat rating.
In regions where there are months of cool, damp weather or hot, muggy weather, ventilation just adds more moisture to indoor air. By choose the right humidifier is an effective way of preventing moisture problems.
What is the right moisture level?
Generally, the right moisture level or the relative humidity in your house is less than 50 per cent. At less than 50 per cent relative humidity it is unlikely that mold will grow indoors. There are cases when 50 per cent relative humidity is too high.
For instance, if there is condensation on your windows in cold weather, it’s a good idea to lower your relative humidity to as low as 30 per cent.
If you, or someone in your family, is asthmatic, you should consider keeping the humidity level in the bedroom at 40 per cent or less.
Dust mites prefer relative humidity of 50 per cent and higher. Dust mites leave debris in bedding, and the debris aggravates asthma. Keeping the relative humidity at 40 per cent or less controls the dust mites and reduces their effect on asthmatics.
Sometimes, reducing relative humidity won’t solve moisture problems. Defects in insulation or the air barrier in walls and ceilings can cause cold spots in your house. They show up as areas where there is always condensation, even if relative humidity is 50 per cent or less. A humidifier won’t solve the problem. You will need help from a qualified builder, renovator or insulation specialist to choose a good humidifier.
Where does moisture in air come from?
Moisture can come into your home from many places. Outside sources include the soil around your house, surface water drainage and damp outdoor air. Breathing and perspiration by you, your family and your pets is a major source of indoor moisture. So are showering, bathing, drying clothes indoors, venting clothes dryers indoors, washing dishes and floors and humidifiers.
Most houses have more than one source of moisture. Moisture can cause problems once in a while, or all the time. A little prevention can keep excess moisture out of your home’s air and prevent both occasional and continual problems.
Catastrophes such as plumbing leaks or floods can cause serious problems very quickly. You will need emergency repairs to deal with them.
Types of humidifiers and How They Work
A whole house humidification system is highly recommend when to choose a humidifier to maintain ideal indoor humidity levels. humidifiers can usually be grouped into 4 types.
Heat Pump Humidifier
Humidifiers use a heat pump or an air conditioner or chemical adsorbents to remove moisture from the air without cooling the air. A heat pump humidifier uses a fan to draw indoor air over a heat exchange coil. The coil is almost freezing. The water in the air condenses on the coil and is drained. A second heat exchange coil reheats the air, which the humidifier exhausts into the room.
A heat pump humidifier dumps heat lost from the compressor and fan motors into the air. It returns to the indoor air the heat generated by the humidifier turning water vapour to liquid.
Chemical Adsorbent Humidifier
This type of humidifier is designed for hot and humid climates. Chemical adsorbent humidifiers absorb moisture from the air with a desiccant, a drying agent such as silica gel. The desiccant is on a heat exchange wheel. A separate air loop dries the wheel and exhausts the hot, damp air outdoors through special ducting.
A chemical adsorbent humidifier uses more energy than a heat pump humidifier. It is only cost-effective when it uses natural gas for heat exchange, and then only if natural gas is available at a low summer rate.
Homemade Humidifier
Some inventive people use bags of road de-icing salt to absorb moisture from the air. The wet salt solution drips into a pan or floor drain, drying the air. Because the salt runs off with the water removed from the air, it must be replaced. The system has no moving parts.
If you try this homemade humidifier, remember that salt is highly corrosive to metals and quite hard on the skin.
Humidifying Ventilators
This type of humidifier has a sensor-controller and exhaust fan. You set the sensor-controller to run when humidity reaches a set level. A dehumidifying ventilator is particularly effective if the humidity source is in your basement.
Humidifying ventilators don’t recover heat but they use less electricity than heat pump humidifiers. They are not effective in hot, muggy weather, as they bring more outside air into the house. They can be effective in cold weather.
A dehumidifying ventilator depressurizes your basement, which can cause combustion gas spillage. Make sure your heating contractor checks the venting for your gas furnace, water heater and wood-burning appliances. Consider using a carbon monoxide warning device if you install a dehumidifying ventilator.
Humidifier Buying Guide
When you choose a humidifier, make sure you know:
- The size you need for your house
- The cost
- The Efficiency Factor
- Whether you have to empty the condensate tub or the unit is self-draining. A self-draining humidifier is best, because you don’t have to remember to empty the tub every day
- Whether it has an automatic defrost feature, it should have one
- The noise level at low and high speed
Humidifiers are complex, low-production machines and are not low cost items. Spring seems to be the best time to buy: in the last few years dealers have held sales early in the spring with savings of $50 to $100.
The more water a humidifier holds (which is measured in litres or U.S. pints a day), the more it costs. You pay more for special features. In 2000, you can expect to pay between $200 and $250 for a unit rated at 10 L (21 U.S. pints or 2.1 imperial gal.) a day—suitable for a small house with a moderate moisture problem.
The humidifier price rises to between $250 and $350 for a unit with a capacity of 20 L (42 U.S. pints or 4.3 imperial gal.) a day, suitable for a large house with more severe problems.
Running costs for both humidifier units are about the same if they both have the same Efficiency Factor. Don’t try to save money by choose a humidifier that does not have automatic defrost. If a room is too cool, a humidifier can frost over and stop removing moisture. A frosted-over humidifier left running for a long time will break down.
Choose a humidifier with a two-speed fan. They are quieter at lower humidity, which reduces the nuisance factor. Test all units in the store for noise level, especially if you plan to use one in or near a bedroom.
Humidifier Efficiency Factor
The Efficiency Factor (EF) is a guide to choose the best humidifier as it’s related to operating cost. The product brochure or operator’s manual usually give the EF. If they don’t, you’ll find the EF on a label behind the water collection bucket.
The EF is the amount of water, in litres, a humidifier removes at 27°C (80.6°F) and 60 per cent relative humidity for each kilowatt hour (kWh) of electricity. If electricity costs 8 cents a kilowatt hour, a unit with an EF of 1.2 will remove 15 L (32 U.S. pints or 3.3 imperial gal.) foreach dollar in electricity costs. An advanced unit with an EF of 2.4 will remove 30 L (63 U.S. pints, 6 1/2 imperial gal.) of water for each electrical dollar spent.
Because condensation gives off heat a humidifier acts as a heat source. This can be useful in spring or fall, when basements tend to be cool. In mid-summer, the heat added by a humidifier is counterproductive.
Placing Your Humidifier
If you have forced-air heating and cooling and the fan moves the air continuously, it doesn’t really matter where you place the humidifier. It will remove roughly the same amount of moisture from the house no matter where you place it.
The most convenient spot is usually the laundry room, on a shelf over the laundry sink so condensate drains directly into the sink. There are two reasons for placing your humidifier in your laundry room: it can be warm, and humidifiers are more efficient in warm air, and there’s a convenient drain.
- If your basement is cool use a self-draining humidifier and put it where it can drain.
- When you have hydronic or baseboard heating, place the humidifier where you have the worst dampness problem, as long as that location is not cold.
- And if you have automatic defrost, a cool location is okay.
Placing a humidifier in a bedroom may not be a good idea. The unit may be too noisy and you have to empty the condensate tub every day.
Humidifier Maintenance and operating tips
Clean the internal filters frequently. Start by cleaning them every two weeks. If the filters are not very dirty you can clean them less often.
Vacuum the coils every spring and fall if they get dirty.
You can’t set and forget the controls on a humidifier. In the muggy days of summer, set the controls to remove more moisture. Lower the setting to remove less moisture in spring, fall and on clear, dry summer days.
Conclusion
Remember: a humidifier is useful, but it isn’t magic!
By choose the right humidifier alone may not solve severe moisture problems in your house. Your first course of action is to find the moisture source. Take steps to reduce the amount coming into your house or to stop it completely.
